Most fishing is unsustainable
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Drawn heavily from here: https://www.plantbaseddata.org/post/stateoftheocean
In the 2020 FAO State of Fisheries report where they show 59.6% of fish are "maximally sustainably fished" (likely unsustainable given uncertainty around illegal fishing and monitoring). And 34.2% of "stocks fished at biologically unsustainable levels." That's 93.8% of fish populations that are either exploited at biologically unsustainable levels or removed close to the rate of replacement.
According to the UN state of the oceans and global assessment reports from IPBES:
- 33% of fish populations are below 40% historical levels
- 60% of fish populations are between 40% and 60% historical levels
- Only 7% of fish populations are above 60% historical levels
According to the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 55 percent of the seafloor is affected by industrial fishing, and 66 percent of the global marine environment has been altered by human actions.
- This 2024 review from science advanced (unread) seems like an essential read