• CAWF 2- subsidies paid to IMPs
• How animals are kept
• UK agricultural subsidies
• UK crops and animal feed

Structure

• DEFRAs 2024 report here
• Most livestock farms are solely owned or owner-occupied
  • as of 2022 World animal protection, 2024 estimate 133k total farms, 70k sole owned, 27k mixed tenure mostly owned and 16k mostly rented, 19k full rented
• But have contracts with large producers, such as multination meat produvers such as JBS, Cargill and Minerva, or supermarkets
  • Contract farming
• Poultry is very highly vertically integrated: farmers produce the chickens but the big companies own the slaughterhouses, processing factories and sell the products to supermarkets
  • Many poultry farmers have vertically integrated contracts that means they receive feed and chicks and just have to raise them.
• Finishing farms are where the meat producer provides the young animals
• There are over 10,000 farms in the UK that keep pigs, but according to the Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE), approximately 92% of the UK’s pigs are kept on just 1,400 larger holdings with just 10 corporate companies accounting for 35% of the UK’s breeding sows.

Who are the big players?

• See Sustain, 2024
• No Farmers No Food is a far right org
• Save British Farming is a more left org

How do farms make money?

The business income of farms is typically made up of four key areas: agriculture, diversification, agri-environment, and the Single Payment Scheme. The latter 2 are Subsidies

• Agriculture covers all costs and money generated through livestock or crops, what we might typically consider the business of farming.
• Diversification covers other activities which a farm might do to bring in income, including tourism, rents, or retail ventures.
• Agri-environment is mainly schemes which require farmers to manage their land in an environmentally beneficial way. Farmers taking part in these schemes can be compensated by the government for any income they have lost as a result, for example by planting woodland on their land.
• The Single Payment is a subsidy provided by the EU and distributed by the government to farmers. It made up most of the subsidy farmers received.

The NFU

NFU represents the big ag companies rather than smaller farmers.

Factory farms in the UK

Fish

#fish
The UK's main fish products are salmon (50M) and trout (17M) per year. 15M cleaner fish are sacrificed to fight salmon lice